General laws of reflection and refraction for subwavelength phase grating

Abstract: The general reflection and refraction laws at the metasurface with the abrupt phase shift were derived by two different methods of Fermat's principle and the boundary conditions respectively. It is found that one or two critical angles for total internal reflection exist when a light hits on the optical sparse material from the optical denser material, and one such a critical angle exists when light spreads from the optical sparse material to the optical denser material. Anomalous reflection and refraction, such as, negative reflection and negative refraction may occur when a light passes through the metasurface, and the conditions of their occurrence were given. Finally, a kind of metasurface based on one-dimensional phase mask was designed to control the light propagation.