Bridge connection of quantum Hall elementary devices

Abstract: Multiple-series and multiple-parallel connections of quantum Hall elementary devices allow the realization of multiple or fractional values of the quantized Hall resistance, rejecting the effect of contact and wiring resistances. We introduce here the multiple-bridge connection, which maintains the properties of multiple-series and parallel connections and allows more freedom in the choice of the topology of networks composed of quantum Hall elements, and the design of more efficient quantum Hall array resistance standards (and other devices). As an example, a 5-element network is analyzed in detail.