Graphene microbolometers with superconducting contacts for terahertz photon detection

Abstract: We report on noise and thermal conductance measurements taken in order to determine an upper bound on the performance of graphene as a terahertz photon detector. The main mechanism for sensitive terahertz detection in graphene is bolometric heating of the electron system. To study the properties of a device using this mechanism to detect terahertz photons, we perform Johnson noise thermometry measurements on graphene samples. These measurements probe the electron-phonon behavior of graphene on silicon dioxide at low temperatures. Because the electron-phonon coupling is weak in graphene, superconducting contacts with large gap are used to confine the hot electrons and prevent their out-diffusion. We use niobium nitride leads with a $T_\mathrm{c}\approx 10$ K to contact the graphene. We find these leads make good ohmic contact with very low contact resistance. Our measurements find an electron-phonon thermal conductance that depends quadratically on temperature above 4 K and is compatible with single terahertz photon detection.