Nonlinear quantum piston for the controlled generation of vortex rings and soliton trains

Abstract: We propose a simple way to generate nonlinear excitations in a controllable way by managing interactions in Bose-Einstein condensates. Under the action of a quantum analogue of a classical piston the condensed atoms are pushed through the trap generating vortex rings in a fully three- dimensional condensates or soliton trains in quasi-one dimensional scenarios. The vortex rings form due to transverse instability of the shock wave train enhanced and supported by the energy transfer between waves. We elucidate in which sense the self-interactions within the atom cloud define the properties of generated vortex rings and soliton trains. Based on the quantum piston scheme we study the behavior of two component Bose-Einstein condensates and analyze how the presence of an additional superfluid influences the generation of vortex rings or solitons in the other component and vice versa. Finally, we show the dynamical emergence of skyrmions within two component systems in the immiscible regime.