Enhanced One-Loop Corrections to WIMP Annihilation and their Thermal Relic Density in the Coannihilation Region

Abstract: We consider quantum corrections to co-annihilation processes of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) due to the exchange of light bosons in the initial state ("Sommerfeld corrections"). We work at one-loop level, i.e. we assume that these corrections can be treated perturbatively. Co-annihilation is important if there is at least one additional new particle with mass close to the lightest WIMP, which is a Dark Matter candidate. In this case the exchange of a (relatively light) boson in the initial state can change the identity of the annihilating particles. The corrections we are interested in factorize, as in the case of WIMP self-annihilation treated previously, but they can mix different tree-level amplitudes. Moreover, even small mass splittings between the external particles and those in the loop can change the relevant loop functions significantly. We find exact analytical expressions for these functions, and illustrate the effects by considering the cases of wino- or higgsino-like neutralinos as examples.