Rigid motions and generalized Newtonian gravitation. Lost in Translation

Abstract: We try to lay down the foundations of a Newtonian theory where inertia and gravitational fields appear in a unified way aiming to reach a better understanding of the general relativistic theory. We also formulate a kind of equivalence principle for this generalized Newtonian theory. Finally we find the non-relativistic limit of the Einstein's equations for the space--time metric derived from the Newtonian theory.