A Fundamental, Relativistic and Irreversible Law of Motion: A Unification of Newton's Second Law of Motion and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Abstract: Temperature is an outsider in the laws of motion given by Newton and Einstein and this oversight is the source of the predictions of time-reversal-invariance made by these two great systems of motion. By taking into consideration Planck's law of blackbody radiation and the Doppler effect, in thinking about Maxwell's electromagnetic wave equation, I have shown that photons, in the environment through which any charged particle moves, act as a source of temperature-dependent friction on everything from elementary particles to galaxies. Because the optomechanical friction is universal and inevitable, no real systems are conservative, and temperature can no longer be an outsider in a fundamental and irreducible law of motion. I have defined the change of entropy (\Delta S) in irreversible systems at constant temperature in terms of the optomechanical friction. The Second Law of Thermodynamics, which states that \Delta S > 0 for spontaneous processes, is explained by electromagnetic interactions between charged particles and the Doppler-shifted photons through which they move as opposed to chance and statistics. \Delta S, as defined here, is not subject to Poincar\'e's recurrence theorem. Consequently, the Second Law of Thermodynamics is shown to be a fundamental law rather than a statistical law. This result, which supports the idea that every instant of time is unique, is consistent with intuition and the routine experience of botanists.