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Gapless Hamiltonians for the toric code using the PEPS formalism (1111.5817v2)
Published 24 Nov 2011 in quant-ph and cond-mat.str-el
Abstract: We study Hamiltonians which have Kitaev's toric code as a ground state, and show how to construct a Hamiltonian which shares the ground space of the toric code, but which has gapless excitations with a continuous spectrum in the thermodynamic limit. Our construction is based on the framework of Projected Entangled Pair States (PEPS), and can be applied to a large class of two-dimensional systems to obtain gapless "uncle Hamiltonians".
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