Correlational Origin of the Roton Minimum

Abstract: We present compelling evidence supporting the conjecture that the origin of the roton in Bose-condensed systems arises from strong correlations between the constituent particles. By studying the two dimensional bosonic dipole systems a paradigm, we find that classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provide a faithful representation of the dispersion relation for a low- temperature quantum system. The MD simulations allow one to examine the effect of coupling strength on the formation of the roton minimum and to demonstrate that it is always generated at a sufficiently high enough coupling. Moreover, the classical images of the roton-roton, roton-maxon, etc. states also appear in the MD simulation spectra as a consequence of the strong coupling.