Zero-leak steady-state torque allocation

Determine whether the steady-state micro-motor torque floor in the Pi-SEA torque-allocation scheme can be driven to zero by taking the leak parameter \(\lambda\) to zero.

Background

The Pi-SEA uses a leaky mid-ranging integrator, η˙=τμ−λη\dot\eta=\tau_\mu-\lambda\eta, to transfer the steady load from the load-side micro motor to the series-elastic macro channel. At equilibrium, the micro torque is λη⋆\lambda\eta^\star, so the leak parameter determines a residual steady-state share carried by the micro motor.

Although the paper derives that this floor is proportional to λ\lambda and experimentally observes an approximately linear relationship, it explicitly leaves unresolved whether the floor can be eliminated in the limit λ→0\lambda\to0.

References

Whether that floor can be driven to zero by \lambda\to0 is a separate question this letter does not settle.

— A Second Torque Port for Series Elastic Actuators: Parallel-Integrated Design and Time-Scale Torque Allocation  (2609.30873 - Jia et al., 25 Sep 2026) in Section 2.3, subsection “Steady-state allocation”