Unify the electromagnetic vector potential and the Dirac electron field into a single quantum field

Develop a unified quantum field framework that combines the quantum electromagnetic vector potential operator Â(r,t) and the Dirac spinor electron field ψ(r,t) into a single, possibly supersymmetric, field that reproduces quantum electrodynamics, including its interactions and gauge structure.

Background

The paper reviews the historical and conceptual development of quantizing both the electromagnetic field and the electron field, emphasizing their mutual coupling in Maxwell–Dirac electrodynamics. Building on this, the authors argue for a deeper unification of the photon (vector potential) and electron (Dirac spinor) degrees of freedom into a single field, plausibly within a supersymmetric framework (SQED).

They present symbolic coupled equations for the electromagnetic potential and Dirac field and note structural parallels suggesting a unified description. Despite advances in gauge theories and the Standard Model, they highlight that a concrete method to achieve such unification that yields QED remains unresolved.