Two-pass adversarial-order Max-Cut requires linear space
Prove that for every ε > 0, any two-pass adversarial-order streaming algorithm that outputs a (1/2 + ε)-approximation to the Max-Cut value on an undirected graph given as an edge stream must use Ω(n) bits of memory.
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References
Conjecture For every ε > 0, every two-pass, adversarial-order streaming algorithm which (1/2 + ε)-approximates Max-Cut uses Ω(n) space.
— Nine lower bound conjectures on streaming approximation algorithms for CSPs
(2510.10714 - Singer, 12 Oct 2025) in Conjecture (label: conj:multi-pass max-cut:two-pass n-space), Section 5 (Multi-pass streaming lower bounds)