Tight crossing number for 2-planar graphs

Determine whether there exist 2-planar graphs on n vertices whose 2-planar crossing number or ordinary crossing number attains the upper bound $3.\overline{3}(n-2)$.

Background

The paper notes that recent work gives the upper bound cr(G) ≤ cr₂(G) ≤ 3.\overline{3}n for 2-planar graphs, while the standard drawings of optimal 2-planar graphs provide evidence that a bound of 3.\overline{3}(n-2) may be tight up to an additive constant. However, the crossing numbers of those graphs are not known. The authors explicitly ask whether either the minimum crossing number over 2-plane drawings, cr₂(G), or the ordinary crossing number, cr(G), can equal 3.\overline{3}(n-2).

References

Are there $2$-planar $n$-vertex graphs~$G$ with $\mathrm{cr}_2(G) = 3.\overline{3}(n-2)$ or $\mathrm{cr}(G) = 3.\overline{3}(n-2)$?

Crossing Number of 3-Plane Drawings  (2503.08365 - Goetze et al., 11 Mar 2025) in Section 4, Discussion, Question