Three-dimensional validation of the inferred dust-ring scenario

Determine how the results for spiral excitation, dust trapping, and ring formation in two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations compare with those obtained from three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations.

Background

The study uses two-dimensional gas-and-dust hydrodynamical simulations and consequently represents vertical structure, three-dimensional spiral dynamics, and vertically varying dust-gas coupling only through simplified post-processing assumptions. A direct three-dimensional comparison is therefore needed to establish whether the predicted transition from dust spirals to rings persists in a more complete geometry.