Resolve the narrow resonance structures in the carbon-fusion proton channels

Extract valid information on the relevant narrow resonance strengths and structures in the astrophysical $^{12}\mathrm{C}+{}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ reaction, overcoming the suppression and broadening caused by limited experimental energy resolution and the surface approximation in the DWBA-based Trojan Horse Method, for example through multi-channel R-matrix analysis.

Background

The study extracts the astrophysical $S^*(E)$ factor for the $$^{12}\mathrm{C}({}^{12}\mathrm{C},p){}^{23}\mathrm{Na}$$ reaction indirectly through the $$^{12}\mathrm{C}(^{16}\mathrm{O},\alpha p){}^{23}\mathrm{Na}$$ reaction using the DWBA-based Trojan Horse Method. Because the experiment has limited energy resolution and the DWBA surface approximation suppresses and broadens narrow resonances, the measured structures cannot reliably determine their actual strengths or widths.

The authors report that multi-channel R-matrix fitting with AZURE2 did not yield valid resonance information. Consequently, the extracted $S^*(E)$ factor is treated only as a lower-limit reference for the actual values, leaving the detailed resonance properties unresolved.