Determine the relic abundance and resulting indirect-detection constraints

Determine the relic abundance of strongly coupled magnetic inelastic dark baryons, including the effects of annihilation, lighter unstable dark mesons, thermal squeeze-out, and any primordial asymmetric-abundance mechanism, and evaluate the resulting implications for Galactic-halo and solar annihilation constraints.

Background

The paper considers dark baryon dark matter in a heavy-quark regime where thermal squeeze-out can efficiently deplete the symmetric dark-baryon component. Reproducing the observed dark-matter abundance may therefore require a primordial asymmetry, but the abundance-generating mechanism is not specified.

The relic abundance determines the population of dark antibaryons and consequently affects annihilation signals from both the Galactic halo and dark matter captured in the Sun. A detailed abundance calculation is therefore needed to assess how strongly indirect-detection constraints apply to the proposed models.

References

A detailed study of the resulting relic abundance and dark-matter--baryon density ratio, including asymmetry transfer and depletion of the symmetric component, is left for future work.

— Nuclear Recoils from Invisible Neutron-Pair Annihilation and the LZ event  (2609.12045 - Lee et al., 10 Sep 2026) in Discussion

Exact limits from BBN, CMB, and direct detection for inelastic DM require a detailed calculation, which we leave for future work.

— Probing multi-state dark matter via optical absorption lines in DESI spectra  (2609.16547 - Ganguly et al., 15 Sep 2026) in Figure 1 caption (the exclusion plot caption)

We leave a detailed calculation of the relic abundance and its implications for these constraints to future work.

— For Whom the Xenon Recoils: Magnetic Inelastic Dark Baryons  (2609.09107 - Asadi et al., 8 Sep 2026) in Section 'Open Questions in the Dark Sector', item 'Relic abundance'

Similar phenomenology can arise from models with other larger numbers of dark colors and dark quark flavors and we will their phenomenology to future works.

— For Whom the Xenon Recoils: Magnetic Inelastic Dark Baryons  (2609.09107 - Asadi et al., 8 Sep 2026) in Section 'Open Questions in the Dark Sector', item 'Other representations'