Asymmetric-exponent limiting distribution for the two-sided debt model

Prove that, when the transfer-probability function g satisfies distinct asymptotic exponents \(\rho^+\) and \(\rho^-\) as \(k\to\infty\) and \(k\to-\infty\), respectively, with \(g^+\leq g^-\), the scaled stationary wealth distribution converges to a two-sided Gamma distribution whose positive-side and negative-side shape parameters are determined by \(\rho^+\) and \(\rho^-\), respectively.

Background

The paper proves convergence of the scaled stationary wealth distribution when the transfer-probability function has the same second-order exponent ρ\rho on both the positive and negative tails. In the case g+>g−g^+>g^-, the authors state that their argument extends directly to unequal exponents, with the limiting Gamma shape determined by ρ+\rho^+.

For g+≤g−g^+\leq g^-, however, the proof uses separate exponential tiltings of the positive and negative parts. If ρ+≠ρ−\rho^+\neq\rho^-, the corresponding generating functions have different asymptotic orders, so one side asymptotically dominates the other and the proof no longer applies. Numerical simulations indicate that a two-sided Gamma limit should nevertheless hold, with the two sides governed separately by ρ+\rho^+ and ρ−\rho^-.

References

Although numerical simulations suggest that a two-sided Gamma distribution whose positive-side and negative-side shape parameters are determined by \rho+ and \rho-, respectively, arises as the limiting distribution, we have not yet been able to prove this rigorously.

— Convergence of stationary distributions for a class of zero-range processes and its application to a wealth distribution model with debt  (2610.00901 - Sakagawa, 1 Oct 2026) in Remark following Theorem 1.1 (the remark introducing distinct exponents \(\rho^+\) and \(\rho^-\))