Nested thresholding for other multi-signature protocols

Determine which other multi-signature protocols admit nested threshold multi-signatures and characterize the properties required for such nesting to be supported.

Background

The paper introduces nested threshold multi-signatures as a way for a threshold group to occupy one signer slot within an unchanged outer multi-signature protocol. Iceberg demonstrates this approach for MuSig2, which is the multi-signature protocol used by the Lightning Network. The authors leave unresolved whether the same form of nesting can be constructed for other multi-signature protocols and what structural or security properties those protocols must possess.

References

An open question is which other multi-signature protocols admit such nesting and what properties are required to support it.

Enabling Threshold Custody for the Lightning Network with Nested Threshold Multi-Signatures  (2608.20705 - Gerhart et al., 21 Aug 2026) in Section 8, Conclusion and Future Work