Minimax optimality of basic f-composable schedules

Establish that for every number of iterations n ≥ 1, every minimax optimal stepsize sequence for gradient descent that minimizes the final objective gap over L-smooth convex functions and initializations with distance at most D from a minimizer (i.e., a solution to min_{h ∈ R^n} max_{(f,x0) ∈ F_{L,D}} f(x_n) − inf f) is a basic stepsize schedule constructed via the f-, g-, and s-join composition operations and is f-composable.

Background

The paper introduces three composable families of stepsize schedules (f-, g-, and s-composable) and corresponding composition operations (f-join, g-join, s-join) that allow building complex schedules from simpler ones while preserving tight convergence guarantees.

Using these operations, the authors show that all numerically computed minimax-optimal schedules for n ≤ 25 from Gupta et al. can be represented (up to small numerical error) as basic schedules. Motivated by this empirical finding, they pose a conjecture asserting that true minimax-optimal schedules are basic and f-composable, which would imply that the optimized basic f-composable schedules (OBS-F) produced by their dynamic programming procedure are information-theoretically optimal.

References

This strong relation between every numerically identified minimax optimal pattern and basic patterns motivates the following natural conjecture. Conjecture For each $n$, every minimax optimal stepsize schedule, solving~eq:minimax, is basic and $f$-composable.

Composing Optimized Stepsize Schedules for Gradient Descent  (2410.16249 - Grimmer et al., 2024) in Conjecture (Conjecture~\ref{conj:strong-f-minimax-descripiton}), Section “Numerically Minimax Optimal Stepsizes for n=1,…,25”

Some readers might wonder how we should select the checkpoint steps. We do not have a definitive answer.

Stronger Lower Bounds for (Non-)Anytime Acceleration of Gradient Descent  (2609.04032 - Jung et al., 3 Sep 2026) in Section “Lower Bounds via Top-k Checkpoint Selection”

The result gives a full phase law but not a closed form for $\Psi_F$. Its exact extrema, uniqueness of the extremizing phases, and the asymptotic geometry of maximizing pivots remain open quantitative problems.

Optimal Recursive Composition and Dyadic Phase Laws for Gradient Descent with Predetermined Stepsizes  (2609.11788 - Liu et al., 10 Sep 2026) in Section 6, subsection “Strict support separation and the complete phase law”

The OBS-F minimax conjecture of \citet{GrimmerShuWangMOR}, the exact finite-horizon minimax behavior beyond the recursive classes, and transfers to proximal or composite optimization \citep{BokAltschulerCOLT,BokAltschulerMP} remain separate questions.

Optimal Recursive Composition and Dyadic Phase Laws for Gradient Descent with Predetermined Stepsizes  (2609.11788 - Liu et al., 10 Sep 2026) in Remark Scope, Section 1; reiterated in Section 6 and the Conclusion