Mechanism of information escape in JT gravity

Determine, within Jackiw–Teitelboim (JT) gravity, the precise mechanism by which quantum information escapes from a black hole and becomes available in the exterior region during evaporation.

Background

Jackiw–Teitelboim (JT) gravity has provided a controlled setting where the Page curve of an evaporating black hole can be recovered via the island prescription, indicating that information need not be lost. However, reproducing the Page curve does not, by itself, specify the concrete dynamical process by which information exits the black hole and becomes accessible outside.

Motivated by this gap, the paper computes Bogoliubov coefficients for minimally coupled massless and massive scalars in JT gravity, both for equilibrium black holes and for black holes coupled to a bath, and analyzes thermality and deviations in different regimes. Despite these results, the authors explicitly state that the detailed information-escape mechanism remains unclear.

References

Despite this success, it remains unclear how exactly the information escapes from the black hole and appears outside.

— Hawking Radiation in Jackiw-Teitelboim Gravity  (2408.08985 - Dar et al., 2024) in Section 1: Introduction

Although the quantum gravity mechanism that may trigger the release of the partner modes remains unclear at present, one may gain intuition from the moving mirror model.

— Squeezed quantum states and partner modes in the moving mirror model of black hole evaporation  (2608.11957 - Lin et al., 12 Aug 2026) in Section 2, subsection “Timelike to asymptotically null”