Subsystem-code measurement schedules outperforming the walking surface code

Determine whether a dynamical measurement schedule for a subsystem code with low-weight checks can outperform the walking surface code in additional leakage-noise regimes.

Background

The paper introduces swirling and sliding honeycomb Floquet-code circuits that use zero-overhead leakage-reduction units and exploit weight-two check measurements to limit leakage propagation. Numerical results show that these circuits can outperform the walking surface code under several leakage models and finite-error-rate conditions, although the advantage depends strongly on the leakage structure and entropic effects. The authors therefore leave unresolved whether the same design principle—dynamical schedules built from low-weight checks—can yield even broader performance improvements in other subsystem-code constructions, including newer low-valence architectures.