Emergence of fully renormalized light–matter systems from Pauli–Fierz theory

Characterize whether and how fully renormalized light–matter systems emerge from a Pauli–Fierz description, thereby enabling an unambiguous characterization of coupled light–matter equilibrium states.

Background

The paper discusses coupled light–matter ground states, including collective equilibrium states involving many charged particles and the photon field. In standard Pauli–Fierz approaches, even a single charged particle is a cutoff-dependent hybrid light–matter system. A fully renormalized description is therefore required before such equilibrium states, including endyonic states, can be characterized unambiguously and compared with purely Schrödinger-based descriptions.