Extend the ARQMBS–SWSSB correspondence beyond strong dissipation

Extend the asymptotic rainbow quantum many-body scar (ARQMBS) perspective on strong-to-weak spontaneous symmetry breaking (SWSSB) Nambu–Goldstone modes to weak- and intermediate-dissipation regimes, where the strongly dissipative effective-Lindbladian analysis is not directly applicable.

Background

The paper establishes a spectral correspondence between ARQMBS parent Hamiltonians in closed systems and second-order effective Lindbladians in the strongly dissipative regime. Under the stated assumptions, this correspondence explains diffusive low-decay-rate modes associated with SWSSB.

The authors note that diffusive low-decay-rate modes persist away from the strongly dissipative regime in several models, but their perturbative approach does not directly cover weak or intermediate dissipation. Determining how SWSSB Nambu–Goldstone modes in those regimes can be understood through ARQMBS states is therefore left unresolved.

References

We have several open questions. First, our analysis is restricted to the strongly dissipative regime. Diffusive low-decay-rate modes are known to persist away from this regime in several models. In fact, the quadratic dispersion has been found in more general situations. Our approach does not appear to be directly applicable to weak- and intermediate-dissipation regimes. Understanding the NG modes associated with SWSSB from the perspective of ARQMBS states remains a challenging problem.

— Correspondence between Asymptotic Quantum Many-Body Scars in Closed Systems and Diffusive Nambu-Goldstone Modes in Open Systems  (2610.09662 - Kunimi et al., 7 Oct 2026) in Section Summary and outlook