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Explain the apparent absence of 2-BPCs and the emergence of hyperelliptic curves

Ascertain a simple explanation for the failure to find small bi-perfect cuboids with exactly two non-integer lengths (2-BPCs) in computational searches for parameter ranges q < p < 2^16, and determine why attempts to reduce the defining conditions of 2-BPCs to elliptic curves yield hyperelliptic, rather than elliptic, curves, thereby clarifying whether this reflects genuine non-existence or a structural obstruction.

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Background

Bi-perfect cuboids (BPCs) are defined by having their seven inter-vertex distances fall into two classes: some distances are integers while all others share the same square-free part of their squares. The subclasses include 0-BPCs (PCs), 1-BPCs (NPCs), 2-BPCs, and 3-BPCs. While the authors successfully derived elliptic curves to represent NPCs and 3-BPCs, analogous attempts for 2-BPCs led to hyperelliptic curves, impeding use of standard elliptic-curve methods.

Computational searches across small parameter ranges did not produce examples of 2-BPCs, and the authors could not find a simple explanation for this absence. An explanation would help determine whether 2-BPCs exist and clarify the nature of the algebraic curves governing their structure.

References

When we attempted a similar analysis of the various subtypes of 2-BPCs, we were surprised to find that the resulting curves all turned out to be hyperelliptic rather than elliptic, making it impossible to proceed along the above lines. Perhaps connected to this finding is that we searched computationally for small (q<p<2{16}) examples of each of the six subclasses of 2-BPCs and found none. We were unable, however, to discern a simple explanation for this.

Novel required properties of, and efficient algorithms to seek, perfect cuboids (2401.06784 - Grey et al., 6 Jan 2024) in Section “The ‘master equation’ and new elliptic curves describing BPCs,” Subsection “Elliptic curves for 2-BPCs”