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Existence of Hamiltonians with vanishing ratio J(r)/(κ_H(r/\log r)·\log r)

Decide whether there exists a Hamiltonian H (in limit circle case) for which the parameter-optimised upper bound J(r) from Romanov’s Theorem I becomes asymptotically negligible compared to the bound \kappa_H(r/\log r)·\log r, in the precise sense that liminf_{r→∞} J(r)/[\kappa_H(r/\log r)·\log r] = 0.

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Background

Comparisons between the best bounds obtainable via Romanov’s discretisation (J(r)) and the explicit κ_H-based bound reveal at most logarithmic gaps, but it is unknown whether these gaps can collapse for some Hamiltonians.

A construction (or impossibility result) would delineate the sharpness of κ_H-based bounds and the limits of discretisation-based optimisation.

References

Revisiting the context of \Cref{U144}, we do not know if there exists a Hamiltonian H for which

\liminf_{r \to \infty} \frac{J(r)}{\kappa_H \big(\frac{r}{\log r} \big)\log r}=0.

Spectral properties of canonical systems: discreteness and distribution of eigenvalues (2504.00182 - Reiffenstein et al., 31 Mar 2025) in Remarks, Section “Romanov’s Theorem I: bound by discretisation” (U111)