Exact value of the maximal-outerplanar spread for all orders

Determine whether the minimum spread parameter for maximal outerplanar graphs satisfies \(\mathrm{MOP}(n,2)=\left\lceil(4n+10)/9\right\rceil\) for every \(n\geq14\), including residue classes of \(n\) modulo 18 not resolved by the explicit constructions.

Background

The paper proves the lower bound MOP(n,2)(4n+10)/9\mathrm{MOP}(n,2)\geq\lceil(4n+10)/9\rceil and establishes equality for orders n2(mod18)n\equiv2\pmod{18}. For the remaining residue classes, the authors mention computer-verified constructions in supplementary material but do not include those constructions or a proof in the paper.

The authors only prove an upper bound within an additive constant for every order, namely MOP(n,2)(4n+10)/9+43\mathrm{MOP}(n,2)\leq\lceil(4n+10)/9\rceil+43 for n20n\geq20. Thus exact equality for all sufficiently large orders, as suggested by their computational evidence, remains unresolved in the paper.

References

For the other residue classes of $n$ modulo $18$ we have found seventeen further caps with which the same ladder attains the bound as well; we have verified by computer that the resulting graphs are maximal outerplanar and that their window number equals $\left\lceil (4n+10)/9\right\rceil $ for every order in the range covered, so that presumably $\mathrm{MOP}(n,2)=\left\lceil (4n+10)/9\right\rceil $ for every $n\geq 14$.

Spreads of degrees in graphs  (2609.19762 - Caro et al., 17 Sep 2026) in Section 2.2, immediately before Theorem 2.3 (Theorem \ref{Tm_main})