Unknown number of non-participating Algorand clients using relays

Determine the total number of regular, non-participation clients that connect to the Algorand network via relay nodes on mainnet to characterize client distribution and network load in Algorand’s relay-based topology.

Background

Algorand’s network architecture comprises participation nodes connected through relay nodes, with additional regular clients (non-participation nodes) also connecting via relays. While participation and relay nodes are quantified and their connectivity patterns described, the paper notes that the count of non-participation clients is not available.

Knowing the number of such clients matters for understanding mempool dynamics, network congestion, and latency patterns that influence transaction propagation and MEV extraction on a First-Come-First-Served blockchain like Algorand.