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Ascertain the confinement pressure and RBM frequency of (2,1) CNTs under zeolite confinement

Ascertain the confinement pressure exerted by ZSM-5 zeolite channels on (2,1) carbon nanotubes and determine the corresponding Raman radial breathing mode frequency for confined (2,1) CNTs in the CNT@ZSM-5 composite.

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Background

Raman spectroscopy identifies G-band features consistent with both (3,0) and (2,1) CNTs, and the RBM of (3,0) CNTs matches ab-initio predictions. However, the (2,1) CNTs exhibit dynamic instability in calculations and require zeolite confinement for stability, leaving their RBM frequency unresolved due to unknown confinement pressure.

Determining the confinement pressure and the RBM of (2,1) CNTs would validate structural models, sharpen vibrational signatures, and improve the interpretation of nanotube stability and electron-phonon coupling under confinement.

References

Since the confinement pressure is unknown, the accurate identification of the (2,1) RBM frequency remains unidentified at present.

— High temperature superconductivity with giant pressure effect in 3D networks of boron doped ultra-thin carbon nanotubes in the pores of ZSM-5 zeolite (2509.19255 - Wang et al., 23 Sep 2025) in Methods — Sample fabrication and characterization (Fig. 7)