Fluctuation–dissipation mechanism in low-energy heavy-ion reactions

Characterize the fluctuation–dissipation mechanism underlying non-equilibrium transport in low-energy heavy-ion reactions, identifying the physical processes that govern particle-number fluctuations and their relationship to energy dissipation.

Background

Deep-inelastic collisions dissipate a large fraction of relative kinetic energy into intrinsic degrees of freedom, often with substantial nucleon transfer. While one-body dissipation and sequential nucleon exchange are commonly invoked, experimental trends of particle-number fluctuations versus energy loss at low total kinetic energy loss (TKEL) deviate from simple sequential-exchange expectations, indicating additional structure- and isospin-driven effects.

The paper employs TDHF and TDRPA to paper these processes microscopically, yet acknowledges that a comprehensive, mechanistic understanding of fluctuation–dissipation in such quantum many-body dynamics is not fully established.