Cosmic Thermal History and Detailed Cosmic Composition

Characterize the complete thermal history of the universe up to the present epoch and determine the detailed composition of the universe’s matter and energy contents within a consistent cosmological framework.

Background

Despite the maturity of the standard cosmological model, the paper emphasizes that key global properties remain incompletely known, including the universe’s full thermal evolution and its detailed composition at large scales.

A comprehensive account would sharpen constraints on dark matter and dark energy, refine early‑ and late‑time cosmology, and integrate multimessenger observations with particle‑physics inputs.