Alternative extremal families for propagation-time discrepancy

Determine whether infinite families of graphs other than the family presented in Theorem 4.1 satisfy $pd(G_n)=\lfloor n-2\sqrt n+1\rfloor$.

Background

The paper proves the upper bound pd(G)≤⌊n−2√n+1⌋ for the propagation-time discrepancy between minimum zero forcing sets and constructs an infinite family attaining equality when n=k2+1 for odd k≥3. The authors ask whether other infinite extremal families exist.

References

Are there other infinite families of graphs satisfying $pd(G_n)= \left\lfloor n-2\sqrt{n}+1 \right\rfloor$ besides the family presented in Theorem~\ref{pd upper bound}?

— Maximizing the discrepancy between zero forcing parameters relative to graph order  (2609.35522 - McKay et al., 28 Sep 2026) in Section 6, Conclusion and Open Problems