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Mechanisms and Impact of Fast Disk Winds in Active Galactic Nuclei

Determine the launching mechanisms of fast accretion disk winds in active galactic nuclei (including ultra-fast outflows, UFOs), quantify the mass, momentum, and energy transported by these winds, identify the evolutionary stage toward the quasar phase at which they become prominent, and establish their role in active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback on the host galaxy.

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Background

The paper reports XRISM observations of the ULIRG IRAS 05189−2524, revealing multiple ultra-fast outflow (UFO) components and a P Cygni profile in the Fe-K band. In the broader context of AGN–galaxy co-evolution, fast disk winds such as UFOs are a key proposed mechanism for AGN feedback that may suppress star formation and drive evolutionary transitions toward the quasar phase.

Despite observational progress, the introduction emphasizes that core aspects of fast disk winds remain unresolved: how they are launched, how much mass/momentum/energy they carry, when in the evolutionary sequence they become prominent, and how they affect the host galaxy. The paper positions these as central, outstanding questions in AGN research, motivating the detailed spectroscopic analysis presented.

References

However, the launching mechanisms of fast disk winds, the amount of mass, momentum, and energy they carry, the evolutionary stage toward the quasar phase in which they become prominent, and their role in AGN feedback remain poorly understood, constituting one of the most important open questions in AGN research.

— Discovery of Powerful Multi-Velocity Ultra-Fast Outflows in the Starburst Merger Galaxy IRAS 05189$-$2524 with XRISM (2510.18027 - Noda et al., 20 Oct 2025) in Section 1 (Introduction)