Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the High-redshift Universe: Prospect of the PRIMA FIRESS low-resolution spectroscopy (2509.02470v1)

Abstract: The integrated luminosity from the features of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exceeds the luminosity from atomic and molecular emission lines in the star-forming regions in galaxies and is a potential tracer of galaxy-scale star formation and molecular gas content of the high-redshift universe. We simulate the observable PAH spectra using the PRobe far-Infrared Mission for Astrophysics far-infrared enhanced survey spectrometer (FIRESS) and investigate the capability of the FIRESS low-resolution spectroscopy for observing PAH emission spectrum from high-redshift galaxies. Our investigation suggests that (1) PRIMA observations of PAH emission are $\gtrsim10$ times more efficient at detecting galaxies than the VLA observations of CO(1-0) for galaxies with the same infrared luminosity, (2) PRIMA/FIRESS can detect the PAH emission from galaxies with $L_{IR}\sim10^{12}L_{\odot}$ up to the end of reionization (and possibly beyond, if $L_{IR}\sim10^{13}L_{\odot}$), (3) the PAH band ratios measured from a full spectral fitting and from a simple flux "clipping" method are different and vary depending on the interstellar radiation field strength, and (4) PRIMA/FIRESS can also be used as the PAH mapping instrument to measure star formation and redshift of the galaxies in high-redshift protoclusters.