High-order fluctuations of temperature in hot QCD matter (2504.06886v1)

Abstract: We study the temperature fluctuations in hot quantum chromodynamics (QCD) matter. A new thermodynamic state function is introduced to describe the mean transverse momentum fluctuations of charged particles in heavy-ion collisions, enabling analytic expressions for the temperature fluctuations of different orders. This formalism is applied to the QCD thermodynamics described by a 2+1 flavor low energy effective field theory within the functional renormalization group approach. It is found that the temperature fluctuations are suppressed remarkably as the matter is evolved from the phase of hadron resonance gas to the quark-gluon plasma phase with increasing temperature or baryon chemical potential, which is attributed to the significant increase of the heat capacity of matter. Furthermore, the same mechanism leads to a negative skewness in the temperature fluctuations.