From planar to annular to toroidal bracket polynomials for pseudo knots and links

Abstract: Pseudo links are equivalence classes under Reidemeister-type moves of link diagrams containing crossings with undefined over and under information. In this paper, we extend the Kauffman bracket and Jones polynomials from planar pseudo links to pseudo links in the annulus and in the torus, and their respective lifts from the three-space to the solid torus and the thickened torus. Moreover, since annular and toroidal pseudo links can be represented as mixed links in the three-sphere, we also introduce the respective Kauffman bracket and Jones polynomials for their planar mixed link diagrams. Our work provides new tools for the study of annular and toroidal pseudo links.