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A Survey of Web Content Control for Generative AI (2404.02309v1)

Published 2 Apr 2024 in cs.IR

Abstract: The groundbreaking advancements around generative AI have recently caused a wave of concern culminating in a row of lawsuits, including high-profile actions against Stability AI and OpenAI. This situation of legal uncertainty has sparked a broad discussion on the rights of content creators and publishers to protect their intellectual property on the web. European as well as US law already provides rough guidelines, setting a direction for technical solutions to regulate web data use. In this course, researchers and practitioners have worked on numerous web standards and opt-out formats that empower publishers to keep their data out of the development of generative AI models. The emerging AI/ML opt-out protocols are valuable in regards to data sovereignty, but again, it creates an adverse situation for a site owners who are overwhelmed by the multitude of recent ad hoc standards to consider. In our work, we want to survey the different proposals, ideas and initiatives, and provide a comprehensive legal and technical background in the context of the current discussion on web publishers control.

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References (8)
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URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651893, accepted for publication. Y. Sun, I. G. Councill, C. L. Giles, The ethicality of web crawlers, in: IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, IEEE, 2010. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/wi-iat.2010.316. Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group [2022] Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group, Past and existing initiatives, 2022. URL: https://w3c.github.io/tdm-reservation-protocol/docs/initiatives.html. Ippolito and Yu [2023] D. Ippolito, Y. W. Yu, DONOTTRAIN: A Metadata Standard for Indicating Consent for Machine Learning, in: Workshop on Generative AI and Law, 2023. Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group [2022] Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group, TDM Reservation Protocol (TDMRep), 2022. URL: https://www.w3.org/2022/tdmrep/. Dinzinger and Granitzer [2024] M. Dinzinger, M. Granitzer, A longitudinal study of content control mechanisms, in: Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024, WWW ’24, ACM, 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651893, accepted for publication. Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group, Past and existing initiatives, 2022. URL: https://w3c.github.io/tdm-reservation-protocol/docs/initiatives.html. Ippolito and Yu [2023] D. Ippolito, Y. W. Yu, DONOTTRAIN: A Metadata Standard for Indicating Consent for Machine Learning, in: Workshop on Generative AI and Law, 2023. Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group [2022] Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group, TDM Reservation Protocol (TDMRep), 2022. URL: https://www.w3.org/2022/tdmrep/. Dinzinger and Granitzer [2024] M. Dinzinger, M. Granitzer, A longitudinal study of content control mechanisms, in: Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024, WWW ’24, ACM, 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651893, accepted for publication. D. Ippolito, Y. W. Yu, DONOTTRAIN: A Metadata Standard for Indicating Consent for Machine Learning, in: Workshop on Generative AI and Law, 2023. Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group [2022] Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group, TDM Reservation Protocol (TDMRep), 2022. URL: https://www.w3.org/2022/tdmrep/. Dinzinger and Granitzer [2024] M. Dinzinger, M. Granitzer, A longitudinal study of content control mechanisms, in: Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024, WWW ’24, ACM, 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651893, accepted for publication. Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group, TDM Reservation Protocol (TDMRep), 2022. URL: https://www.w3.org/2022/tdmrep/. Dinzinger and Granitzer [2024] M. Dinzinger, M. Granitzer, A longitudinal study of content control mechanisms, in: Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024, WWW ’24, ACM, 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651893, accepted for publication. M. Dinzinger, M. Granitzer, A longitudinal study of content control mechanisms, in: Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024, WWW ’24, ACM, 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651893, accepted for publication.
  4. S. Kolay, P. D’Alberto, A. Dasdan, A. Bhattacharjee, A larger scale study of robots.txt, in: Proceedings of the 17th Intern. Conf. on World Wide Web, WWW ’08, Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2008, p. 1171–1172. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/1367497.1367711. Sun et al. [2010] Y. Sun, I. G. Councill, C. L. Giles, The ethicality of web crawlers, in: IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, IEEE, 2010. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/wi-iat.2010.316. Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group [2022] Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group, Past and existing initiatives, 2022. URL: https://w3c.github.io/tdm-reservation-protocol/docs/initiatives.html. Ippolito and Yu [2023] D. Ippolito, Y. W. Yu, DONOTTRAIN: A Metadata Standard for Indicating Consent for Machine Learning, in: Workshop on Generative AI and Law, 2023. Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group [2022] Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group, TDM Reservation Protocol (TDMRep), 2022. URL: https://www.w3.org/2022/tdmrep/. Dinzinger and Granitzer [2024] M. Dinzinger, M. Granitzer, A longitudinal study of content control mechanisms, in: Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024, WWW ’24, ACM, 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651893, accepted for publication. Y. Sun, I. G. Councill, C. L. Giles, The ethicality of web crawlers, in: IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, IEEE, 2010. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/wi-iat.2010.316. Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group [2022] Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group, Past and existing initiatives, 2022. URL: https://w3c.github.io/tdm-reservation-protocol/docs/initiatives.html. Ippolito and Yu [2023] D. Ippolito, Y. W. Yu, DONOTTRAIN: A Metadata Standard for Indicating Consent for Machine Learning, in: Workshop on Generative AI and Law, 2023. Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group [2022] Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group, TDM Reservation Protocol (TDMRep), 2022. URL: https://www.w3.org/2022/tdmrep/. Dinzinger and Granitzer [2024] M. Dinzinger, M. Granitzer, A longitudinal study of content control mechanisms, in: Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024, WWW ’24, ACM, 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651893, accepted for publication. Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group, Past and existing initiatives, 2022. URL: https://w3c.github.io/tdm-reservation-protocol/docs/initiatives.html. Ippolito and Yu [2023] D. Ippolito, Y. W. Yu, DONOTTRAIN: A Metadata Standard for Indicating Consent for Machine Learning, in: Workshop on Generative AI and Law, 2023. Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group [2022] Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group, TDM Reservation Protocol (TDMRep), 2022. URL: https://www.w3.org/2022/tdmrep/. Dinzinger and Granitzer [2024] M. Dinzinger, M. Granitzer, A longitudinal study of content control mechanisms, in: Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024, WWW ’24, ACM, 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651893, accepted for publication. D. Ippolito, Y. W. Yu, DONOTTRAIN: A Metadata Standard for Indicating Consent for Machine Learning, in: Workshop on Generative AI and Law, 2023. Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group [2022] Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group, TDM Reservation Protocol (TDMRep), 2022. URL: https://www.w3.org/2022/tdmrep/. Dinzinger and Granitzer [2024] M. Dinzinger, M. Granitzer, A longitudinal study of content control mechanisms, in: Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024, WWW ’24, ACM, 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651893, accepted for publication. Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group, TDM Reservation Protocol (TDMRep), 2022. URL: https://www.w3.org/2022/tdmrep/. Dinzinger and Granitzer [2024] M. Dinzinger, M. Granitzer, A longitudinal study of content control mechanisms, in: Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024, WWW ’24, ACM, 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651893, accepted for publication. M. Dinzinger, M. Granitzer, A longitudinal study of content control mechanisms, in: Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024, WWW ’24, ACM, 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651893, accepted for publication.
  5. A larger scale study of robots.txt, in: Proceedings of the 17th Intern. Conf. on World Wide Web, WWW ’08, Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2008, p. 1171–1172. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/1367497.1367711. Sun et al. [2010] Y. Sun, I. G. Councill, C. L. Giles, The ethicality of web crawlers, in: IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, IEEE, 2010. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/wi-iat.2010.316. Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group [2022] Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group, Past and existing initiatives, 2022. URL: https://w3c.github.io/tdm-reservation-protocol/docs/initiatives.html. Ippolito and Yu [2023] D. Ippolito, Y. W. Yu, DONOTTRAIN: A Metadata Standard for Indicating Consent for Machine Learning, in: Workshop on Generative AI and Law, 2023. Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group [2022] Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group, TDM Reservation Protocol (TDMRep), 2022. URL: https://www.w3.org/2022/tdmrep/. Dinzinger and Granitzer [2024] M. Dinzinger, M. Granitzer, A longitudinal study of content control mechanisms, in: Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024, WWW ’24, ACM, 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651893, accepted for publication. Y. Sun, I. G. Councill, C. L. Giles, The ethicality of web crawlers, in: IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, IEEE, 2010. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/wi-iat.2010.316. Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group [2022] Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group, Past and existing initiatives, 2022. URL: https://w3c.github.io/tdm-reservation-protocol/docs/initiatives.html. Ippolito and Yu [2023] D. Ippolito, Y. W. Yu, DONOTTRAIN: A Metadata Standard for Indicating Consent for Machine Learning, in: Workshop on Generative AI and Law, 2023. Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group [2022] Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group, TDM Reservation Protocol (TDMRep), 2022. URL: https://www.w3.org/2022/tdmrep/. Dinzinger and Granitzer [2024] M. Dinzinger, M. Granitzer, A longitudinal study of content control mechanisms, in: Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024, WWW ’24, ACM, 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651893, accepted for publication. Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group, Past and existing initiatives, 2022. URL: https://w3c.github.io/tdm-reservation-protocol/docs/initiatives.html. Ippolito and Yu [2023] D. Ippolito, Y. W. Yu, DONOTTRAIN: A Metadata Standard for Indicating Consent for Machine Learning, in: Workshop on Generative AI and Law, 2023. Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group [2022] Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group, TDM Reservation Protocol (TDMRep), 2022. URL: https://www.w3.org/2022/tdmrep/. Dinzinger and Granitzer [2024] M. Dinzinger, M. Granitzer, A longitudinal study of content control mechanisms, in: Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024, WWW ’24, ACM, 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651893, accepted for publication. D. Ippolito, Y. W. Yu, DONOTTRAIN: A Metadata Standard for Indicating Consent for Machine Learning, in: Workshop on Generative AI and Law, 2023. Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group [2022] Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group, TDM Reservation Protocol (TDMRep), 2022. URL: https://www.w3.org/2022/tdmrep/. Dinzinger and Granitzer [2024] M. Dinzinger, M. Granitzer, A longitudinal study of content control mechanisms, in: Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024, WWW ’24, ACM, 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651893, accepted for publication. Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group, TDM Reservation Protocol (TDMRep), 2022. URL: https://www.w3.org/2022/tdmrep/. Dinzinger and Granitzer [2024] M. Dinzinger, M. Granitzer, A longitudinal study of content control mechanisms, in: Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024, WWW ’24, ACM, 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651893, accepted for publication. M. Dinzinger, M. Granitzer, A longitudinal study of content control mechanisms, in: Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024, WWW ’24, ACM, 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651893, accepted for publication.
  6. The ethicality of web crawlers, in: IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, IEEE, 2010. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/wi-iat.2010.316. Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group [2022] Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group, Past and existing initiatives, 2022. URL: https://w3c.github.io/tdm-reservation-protocol/docs/initiatives.html. Ippolito and Yu [2023] D. Ippolito, Y. W. Yu, DONOTTRAIN: A Metadata Standard for Indicating Consent for Machine Learning, in: Workshop on Generative AI and Law, 2023. Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group [2022] Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group, TDM Reservation Protocol (TDMRep), 2022. URL: https://www.w3.org/2022/tdmrep/. Dinzinger and Granitzer [2024] M. Dinzinger, M. Granitzer, A longitudinal study of content control mechanisms, in: Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024, WWW ’24, ACM, 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651893, accepted for publication. Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group, Past and existing initiatives, 2022. URL: https://w3c.github.io/tdm-reservation-protocol/docs/initiatives.html. Ippolito and Yu [2023] D. Ippolito, Y. W. Yu, DONOTTRAIN: A Metadata Standard for Indicating Consent for Machine Learning, in: Workshop on Generative AI and Law, 2023. Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group [2022] Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group, TDM Reservation Protocol (TDMRep), 2022. URL: https://www.w3.org/2022/tdmrep/. Dinzinger and Granitzer [2024] M. Dinzinger, M. Granitzer, A longitudinal study of content control mechanisms, in: Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024, WWW ’24, ACM, 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651893, accepted for publication. D. Ippolito, Y. W. Yu, DONOTTRAIN: A Metadata Standard for Indicating Consent for Machine Learning, in: Workshop on Generative AI and Law, 2023. Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group [2022] Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group, TDM Reservation Protocol (TDMRep), 2022. URL: https://www.w3.org/2022/tdmrep/. Dinzinger and Granitzer [2024] M. Dinzinger, M. Granitzer, A longitudinal study of content control mechanisms, in: Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024, WWW ’24, ACM, 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651893, accepted for publication. Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group, TDM Reservation Protocol (TDMRep), 2022. URL: https://www.w3.org/2022/tdmrep/. Dinzinger and Granitzer [2024] M. Dinzinger, M. Granitzer, A longitudinal study of content control mechanisms, in: Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024, WWW ’24, ACM, 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651893, accepted for publication. M. Dinzinger, M. Granitzer, A longitudinal study of content control mechanisms, in: Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024, WWW ’24, ACM, 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651893, accepted for publication.
  7. D. Ippolito, Y. W. Yu, DONOTTRAIN: A Metadata Standard for Indicating Consent for Machine Learning, in: Workshop on Generative AI and Law, 2023. Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group [2022] Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group, TDM Reservation Protocol (TDMRep), 2022. URL: https://www.w3.org/2022/tdmrep/. Dinzinger and Granitzer [2024] M. Dinzinger, M. Granitzer, A longitudinal study of content control mechanisms, in: Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024, WWW ’24, ACM, 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651893, accepted for publication. Text and Data Mining Reservation Protocol Community Group, TDM Reservation Protocol (TDMRep), 2022. URL: https://www.w3.org/2022/tdmrep/. Dinzinger and Granitzer [2024] M. Dinzinger, M. Granitzer, A longitudinal study of content control mechanisms, in: Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024, WWW ’24, ACM, 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651893, accepted for publication. M. Dinzinger, M. Granitzer, A longitudinal study of content control mechanisms, in: Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024, WWW ’24, ACM, 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651893, accepted for publication.
  8. M. Dinzinger, M. Granitzer, A longitudinal study of content control mechanisms, in: Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024, WWW ’24, ACM, 2024. URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3589335.3651893, accepted for publication.
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Authors (3)
  1. Michael Dinzinger (2 papers)
  2. Michael Granitzer (46 papers)
  3. Florian Heß (1 paper)
Citations (4)