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Integrated Communications and Localization for Massive MIMO LEO Satellite Systems (2403.07305v1)

Published 12 Mar 2024 in cs.IT, eess.SP, and math.IT

Abstract: Integrated communications and localization (ICAL) will play an important part in future sixth generation (6G) networks for the realization of Internet of Everything (IoE) to support both global communications and seamless localization. Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) low earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems have great potential in providing wide coverage with enhanced gains, and thus are strong candidates for realizing ubiquitous ICAL. In this paper, we develop a wideband massive MIMO LEO satellite system to simultaneously support wireless communications and localization operations in the downlink. In particular, we first characterize the signal propagation properties and derive a localization performance bound. Based on these analyses, we focus on the hybrid analog/digital precoding design to achieve high communication capability and localization precision. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed ICAL scheme supports both the wireless communication and localization operations for typical system setups.

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Summary

  • The paper presents a dual-purpose transmission model that leverages hybrid analog/digital precoding to simultaneously optimize data throughput and localization accuracy.
  • It establishes theoretical performance bounds by analyzing signal propagation characteristics, demonstrating superior coverage and precision compared to geostationary systems.
  • Numerical experiments confirm that massive MIMO LEO satellites can effectively support integrated communications and precise localization, driving advancements for future 6G networks.

Integrated Communications and Localization in Massive MIMO LEO Satellite Systems

This paper explores the innovative use of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite systems equipped with massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology to achieve integrated communications and localization (ICAL). The paper presents a pivotal outlook on how such systems can form a backbone for sixth generation (6G) networks with an emphasis on the Internet of Everything (IoE). The authors propose a dual-purpose transmission framework that leverages a hybrid analog/digital precoding scheme to efficiently merge communication and localization tasks, promising significant advancements in coverage and precision.

Key Contributions

The research introduces a comprehensive model for LEO satellites employing massive MIMO to support both wireless communications and precise localization. Below are some notable aspects of the work:

  • Signal Propagation and Localization Limitations: The authors explore the fundamental propagation characteristics vital for LEO applications and set theoretical performance bounds for localization accuracy. The paper elucidates how LEO's advantageous propagation conditions can be harnessed to improve localization precision and coverage compared to geostationary satellites.
  • Hybrid Precoding Design: A key focus is the hybrid precoding architecture that balances communication throughput and localization accuracy through spectral efficiency (SE) and squared position error bounds (SPEB). The precoding design aims to optimize performance while keeping the hardware demands manageable.
  • Numerical Validation: Through an array of numerical experiments, the proposed ICAL scheme is shown to sustain both high data rates and precise localization, indicating the practicality of the proposed framework.

Theoretical and Practical Implications

From a theoretical standpoint, this paper contributes to the field's understanding of LEO satellite systems' potential in ICAL tasks. It refines the mathematical framework for predicting localization accuracy and data throughput in environments where both are pursued simultaneously. On the practical side, the hybrid precoding strategy addresses real-world constraints like limited radio frequency chains and energy consumption, which are critical for sustained satellite operations.

The core contribution is the demonstrated feasibility of LEO satellites, armed with massive MIMO, in achieving robust ICAL capabilities, paving the way for resilient and pervasive global communication infrastructures part of future 6G networks.

Prospects and Developments

Looking forward, the potential for expanded LEO satellite constellations dedicated to ICAL cannot be overstated. The reduction in launch costs and advances in satellite technologies make the global deployment of broad LEO networks increasingly viable, promising extended reach and enhanced service quality.

The cooperative operation of multiple satellites, supported by advanced ICAL techniques, could further propel the localization accuracy and communication resiliency, accommodating a growing demand for interconnected devices and applications in diverse circumstances, from maritime to dense urban settings.

Moreover, as the integration of hybrid and AI-driven signal processing and precoding techniques continue to evolve, there is a distinct potential to further increase both SE and localization precision simultaneously, reducing the hardware footprint and power usage even further.

In conclusion, this work is a significant step toward realizing integrated global communication-localization systems leveraging LEO satellite capabilities, crucial for the envisioned digital infrastructure of 6G and IoE connectivity.

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