Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) Based Second Order Statistics for Image Texture Analysis

Abstract: Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix and Grey Level Difference Vector are described and computed for twenty four 128 x 128 x 3 test images along horizontal, vertical and diagonal directions. Second order image statistics such as Contrast, Dissimilarity, Homogeneity (Inverse Difference Moment), Angular Second Moment, Energy, Maximum Probability, Entropy, Mean, Standard Deviation and Correlation are computed and studied. Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and Grey Level Difference Vector (GLDV) are described and computed for twenty four 128 x 128 x 3 test images along horizontal, vertical and diagonal directions. Second order image statistics such as Contrast, Dissimilarity, Homogeneity (Inverse Difference Moment), Angular Second Moment (ASM), Energy, Maximum Probability, Entropy, Mean, Standard Deviation and Correlation are computed and studied. The results show that smooth images have lower Contrast values and higher Probability of Occurrence of Difference of same range as rough images having higher Contrast values and lower Probability of Occurrence. The degree of smoothness or roughness of an image may not be exactly the same along horizontal, vertical and diagonal directions. There are significant correlation between Dissimilarity & Contrast, Homogeneity & Contrast, Entropy & Contrast, Energy & Contrast, Standard Deviation & Contrast, Correlation & Contrast, and Probability of Occurrence of Difference of 0-19 & Contrast with correlation coefficients of 0.9322, -0.5011, 0.6681, -0.4255, -0.4914, 0.5428, and -0.8346 respectively.