The Rise of the AI Co-Pilot: Lessons for Design from Aviation and Beyond

Abstract: The fast pace of advances in AI promises to revolutionize various aspects of knowledge work, extending its influence to daily life and professional fields alike. We advocate for a paradigm where AI is seen as a collaborative co-pilot, working under human guidance rather than as a mere tool. Drawing from relevant research and literature in the disciplines of Human-Computer Interaction and Human Factors Engineering, we highlight the criticality of maintaining human oversight in AI interactions. Reflecting on lessons from aviation, we address the dangers of over-relying on automation, such as diminished human vigilance and skill erosion. Our paper proposes a design approach that emphasizes active human engagement, control, and skill enhancement in the AI partnership, aiming to foster a harmonious, effective, and empowering human-AI relationship. We particularly call out the critical need to design AI interaction capabilities and software applications to enable and celebrate the primacy of human agency. This calls for designs for human-AI partnership that cede ultimate control and responsibility to the human user as pilot, with the AI co-pilot acting in a well-defined supporting role.