An infrared, Raman, and X-ray database of battery interphase components

Abstract: Further technological advancement of both lithium-ion and emerging battery technologies can be catalyzed by an improved understanding of the chemistry and working mechanisms of the solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) that form at electrochemically active battery interfaces. However, collecting and interpreting spectroscopy results of SEIs is difficult for several reasons, including the chemically diverse composition of SEIs. To address this challenge, we herein present a vibrational spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction data library of ten suggested SEI chemical constituents relevant to both lithium-ion and emerging battery chemistries. The data library includes attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction data, collected in inert atmospheres afforded by custom designed sample holders. The data library presented in this work (and online repository) alleviates challenges with locating related work that is either diffusely spread throughout the literature, or is non-existent, and provides energy storage researchers streamlined access to vital SEI-relevant data that can catalyse future battery research efforts.