Scattering of one-dimensional quantum droplets by a reflectionless potential well (2305.09960v1)

Abstract: We investigate, both analytically and numerically, the scattering of one-dimensional quantum droplets by a P\"{o}schl-Teller reflectionless potential well, confirming that there is a sharp transition between full reflection and full transmission at a certain critical incident speed for both small droplets and large flat-top droplets. We observe sharp differences between small quantum droplet scattering and large quantum droplet scattering. The scattering of small quantum droplets is similar to that of solitons, where a spatially symmetric trapped mode is formed at the critical speed, whereas for large quantum droplets a spatially asymmetric trapped mode is formed. Additionally, a nonmonotonous dependence of the critical speed on the atom number is identified$:$ on the small-droplet side, the critical speed increases with the atom number, while in the flat-top regime, the critical speed decreases with increasing the atom number. Strikingly, the scattering excites internal modes below the particle-emission threshold, preventing the quantum droplets from emitting radiation upon interaction with the potential. Analysis of the small-amplitude excitation spectrum shows that as the number of particles increases, it becomes increasingly difficult to emit particles outside the droplet during scattering, while radiation from solitons cannot be completely avoided. Finally, we study the collision of two quantum droplets at the reflectionless potential, revealing the role of the $\pi$-phase difference ``generator'' played by the reflectionless potential.