Optimum transport in systems with time-dependent drive and short-ranged interactions

Abstract: We study one-dimensional hardcore lattice gases, with nearest-neighbor interactions, in the presence of an external potential barrier, that moves on the periodic lattice with a constant speed. We investigate how the nature of the interaction (attractive or repulsive) affects particle transport and determine, using numerical simulations and mean-field calculations, the conditions for an optimum transport in the system. Physically, the particle current induced by the time-dependent potential is opposed by a diffusive current generated by the density inhomogeneity (a traveling wave) built up in the system, resulting in a current reversal, that crucially depends on the speed of the barrier and particle-number density. Indeed the presence of nearest-neighbor interaction has a significant impact on the current: Repulsive interaction enhances the current, whereas attractive interaction suppresses it considerably. Quite remarkably, when the number density is low, the current increases with the strength of the repulsive interaction and the maximum current is obtained for the strongest possible repulsion strength, i.e., for the nearest-neighbor exclusion. However, at high density, very strong repulsion makes particle movement difficult in an overcrowded environment and, in that case, the maximal current is achieved for weaker repulsive interaction strength.