Computations in the unstable homology of moduli spaces of Riemann surfaces

Abstract: In this article we give a survey of homology computations for moduli spaces $\mathfrak{M}_{g,1}^m$ of Riemann surfaces with genus $g\geqslant 0$, one boundary curve, and $m\geqslant 0$ punctures. While rationally and stably this question has a satisfying answer by the Madsen-Weiss theorem, the unstable homology remains notoriously complicated. We discuss calculations with integral, mod-2, and rational coefficients. Furthermore, we determine, in most cases, explicit generators using homology operations.