A Birds Eye View on Knowledge Graph Embeddings, Software Libraries, Applications and Challenges

Abstract: In recent years, Knowledge Graph (KG) development has attracted significant researches considering the applications in web search, relation prediction, natural language processing, information retrieval, question answering to name a few. However, often KGs are incomplete due to which Knowledge Graph Completion (KGC) has emerged as a sub-domain of research to automatically track down the missing connections in a KG. Numerous strategies have been suggested to work out the KGC dependent on different representation procedures intended to embed triples into a low-dimensional vector space. Given the difficulties related to KGC, researchers around the world are attempting to comprehend the attributes of the problem statement. This study intends to provide an overview of knowledge bases combined with different challenges and their impacts. We discuss existing KGC approaches, including the state-of-the-art Knowledge Graph Embeddings (KGE), not only on static graphs but also for the latest trends such as multimodal, temporal, and uncertain knowledge graphs. In addition, reinforcement learning techniques are reviewed to model complex queries as a link prediction problem. Subsequently, we explored popular software packages for model training and examine open research challenges that can guide future research.