On the Problem of Undirected st-connectivity

Abstract: In this paper, we discuss an algorithm for the problem of undirected st-connectivity that is deterministic and log-space, namely that of Reingold within his 2008 paper "Undirected Connectivity in Log-Space". We further present a separate proof by Rozenman and Vadhan of $\text{USTCONN} \in L$ and discuss its similarity with Reingold's proof. Undirected st-connectively is known to be complete for the complexity class SL--problems solvable by symmetric, non-deterministic, log-space algorithms. Likewise, by Aleliunas et. al., it is known that undirected st-connectivity is within the RL complexity class, problems solvable by randomized (probabilistic) Turing machines with one-sided error in logarithmic space and polynomial time. Finally, our paper also shows that undirected st-connectivity is within the L complexity class, problems solvable by deterministic Turing machines in logarithmic space. Leading from this result, we shall explain why SL = L and discuss why is it believed that RL = L.