A variational principle for Gaussian lattice sums

Abstract: We consider a two-dimensional analogue of Jacobi theta functions and prove that, among all lattices $\Lambda \subset \mathbb{R}^2$ with fixed density, the minimal value is maximized by the hexagonal lattice. This result can be interpreted as the dual of a 1988 result of Montgomery who proved that the hexagonal lattice minimizes the maximal values. Our inequality resolves a conjecture of Strohmer and Beaver about the operator norm of a certain type of frame in $L^2(\mathbb{R})$. It has implications for minimal energies of ionic crystals studied by Born, the geometry of completely monotone functions and a connection to the elusive Landau constant.