On some Refraction Billiards

Abstract: The aim of this work is to continue the analysis, started in arXiv:2105.02108, of the dynamics of a point-mass particle $P$ moving in a galaxy with an harmonic biaxial core, in whose center sits a Keplerian attractive center (e.g. a Black Hole). Accordingly, the plane $\mathbb R^2$ is divided into two complementary domains, depending on whether the gravitational effects of the galaxy's mass distribution or of the Black Hole prevail. Thus, solutions alternate arcs of Keplerian hyperbolae with harmonic ellipses; at the interface, the trajectory is refracted according to Snell's law. The model was introduced in arXiv:1501.05577, in view of applications to astrodynamics. In this paper we address the general issue of periodic and quasi-periodic orbits and associated caustics when the domain is a perturbation of the circle, taking advantage of KAM and Aubry-Mather theories.