Rectilinear Steiner Trees in Narrow Strips

Abstract: A rectilinear Steiner tree for a set $P$ of points in $\mathbb{R}^2$ is a tree that connects the points in $P$ using horizontal and vertical line segments. The goal of Minimal Rectilinear Steiner Tree is to find a rectilinear Steiner tree with minimal total length. We investigate how the complexity of Minimal Rectilinear Steiner Tree for point sets $P$ inside the strip $(-\infty,+\infty)\times [0,\delta]$ depends on the strip width $\delta$. We obtain two main results. 1) We present an algorithm with running time $n^{O(\sqrt{\delta})}$ for sparse point sets, that is, point sets where each $1\times\delta$ rectangle inside the strip contains $O(1)$ points. 2) For random point sets, where the points are chosen randomly inside a rectangle of height $\delta$ and expected width $n$, we present an algorithm that is fixed-parameter tractable with respect to $\delta$ and linear in $n$. It has an expected running time of $2^{O(\delta \sqrt{\delta})} n$.