A Step-by-Step Guide to 3D Print Motorized Rotation Mounts for Optical Applications (2102.13207v1)

Abstract: Motorized rotation mounts and stages are versatile instruments that introduce computer control to optical systems, enabling automation and scanning actions. They can be used for intensity control and position adjustments, etc. However, these rotation mounts come with a hefty price tag, and this limits their use. This work shows how to build two different types of motorized rotation mounts for 1" optics, using a 3D printer and off-the-shelf components. The first is intended for reflective elements, like mirrors and gratings, and the second for transmissive elements, like polarizers and retarders. We evaluate and compare their performance to commercial systems based on velocity, resolution, accuracy, backlash, and axis wobble. Also, we investigate the angular stability using Allan variance analysis. The results show that our mounts perform similar to systems costing more than 2000 Euro, while also being quick to build and costing less than 200 Euro. As a proof of concept, we show how to control lasers used in an optical tweezers and Raman spectroscopy setup. When used for this, the 3D printed motorized rotational mounts provide intensity control with a resolution of $0.03$ percentage points or better.

• The paper presents a step-by-step methodology for constructing low-cost motorized rotation mounts using 3D printing and accessible components.
• It details two designs: a direct drive for reflective optics and a belt drive for transmissive elements, both rigorously evaluated for performance.
• The mounts achieved resolutions of 110-310 µrad with stable control, offering a viable, cost-effective alternative to commercial systems.

A Step-by-Step Guide to 3D Print Motorized Rotation Mounts for Optical Applications

The paper by Nilsson et al. details a comprehensive methodology for constructing low-cost motorized rotational mounts using 3D printing and readily accessible components, aimed at addressing the high cost barrier posed by commercial alternatives. These motorized mounts, which are integral to optical systems requiring precision control over angular positioning, are typically expensive, thus limiting their widespread adoption. This work demonstrates a feasible alternative, highlighting the design, assembly, and evaluative testing of two specific mounts intended for reflective and transmissive optical elements, respectively.

Summary of Methodology and Design

The researchers present two distinctive configurations of motorized rotation mounts: one designed for reflective elements such as mirrors and gratings, while the other caters to transmissive elements such as polarizers and retarders. The structural frames and component parts of these mounts are produced using fusion deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printers, leveraging commonly used materials like PLA, ABS, and PETG for their mechanical robustness.

The reflective mount features a direct connection between the stepper motor and the optical element, while the transmissive version uses a belt drive system, providing notable flexibility for transmissive components. Key to the innovation is the accessibility of components such as stepper motors, which are typically used in 3D printers and thereby obtainable at low cost.

Performance Evaluation

Comprehensive evaluation metrics are provided, including velocity, resolution, accuracy, backlash, and axis wobble, showing that these components can achieve performance measures comparable with commercial systems that cost over ten times as much. For instance, the tested mounts showed resolutions as fine as 110-310 µrad, with noticeable reliability across various operational conditions. Moreover, the use of Allan variance analysis highlights the mounts’ stability, crucial for optical measurements where fluctuations can introduce substantial errors.

The work further showcases a control system utilizing an Arduino microcontroller paired with a stepper motor driver, enabling precise electronic control over the mounts’ movements. This control system is accompanied by open-source software, which provides comprehensive functionality while remaining adaptable for broader applications.

Implications and Future Research Directions

The ability to produce high-performance, low-cost optical mounts could democratize access to advanced optical experimentation, especially within academic and experimental settings where budget constraints are significant. The versatility in adjusting the mechanical configurations and the software-driven control capabilities suggest potential expansions into other areas of optics research, including automation and remote sensing.

Additionally, this paper opens avenues for further research into material science to improve the mechanical properties of 3D-printed parts, thereby enhancing the durability and precision of these mounts. The framework and design philosophy laid out by Nilsson et al. might prompt additional innovations in modular optical systems, encouraging the development of more customized applications tailored to specific scientific needs.

In conclusion, this work exemplifies a practical and economic approach to achieving high-quality outcomes in optical systems through innovation in accessible technologies. It effectively bridges the gap between DIY proficiency and precision engineering, potentially spurring further advancements at the intersection of optics, 3D printing, and electronic control systems.