Tensor product decompositions of II$_1$ factors arising from extensions of amalgamated free product groups

Abstract: In this paper we introduce a new family of icc groups $\Gamma$ which satisfy the following product rigidity phenomenon, discovered in DHI16: all tensor product decompositions of the II$_1$ factor $L(\Gamma)$ arise only from the canonical direct product decompositions of the underlying group $\Gamma$. Our groups are assembled from certain HNN-extensions and amalgamated free products and include many remarkable groups studied throughout mathematics such as graph product groups, poly-amalgam groups, Burger-Mozes groups, Higman group, various integral two-dimensional Cremona groups, etc. As a consequence, we obtain several new examples of groups that give rise to prime factors.